Dive into the rapidly evolving world of communication!
Explore the fascinating journey of the GSM standard that revolutionized the global mobile network, transforming voice telephony and paving the way for data communications, effectively dominating over 90% of the market.
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global mobile network
A global mobile network refers to a system for mobile communications standardized globally and used by mobile devices, primarily those following the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) standard.
Initiated by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations in 1983, GSM has become a mandatory standard in over 193 countries with a market share of 90%.
This technology, originally designed for voice telephony, encompasses data communications and has various generations like 2G, but later 3G and 4G were developed separately.
Currently, these networks operate in different frequency ranges and use a variety of codecs for audio compression.
GSM systems also use Subscriber Identity Modules to store user information.
Despite advancements, some countries and companies have begun to decommission their GSM networks.
Key Points:
- A global mobile network is a standardized system used globally for mobile communications, primarily tailored to mobile devices following the GSM standard.
- The GSM standard was initiated in 1983 by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations.
- It is mandatory in over 193 countries and has a market share of 90%.
- The technology was originally established for voice telephony but now includes data communications and has several generations, including 2G, 3G, and 4G.
- GSM networks operate on different frequency ranges, utilizing various codecs for audio compression, and use Subscriber Identity Modules to store user data.
- Despite numerous advancements, certain countries and companies are starting to decommission their GSM networks.
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💡 Did You Know?
1. The first mobile network was launched in Japan in 1979, which allowed users to make calls within a limited coverage area. It wasn’t until the 1980s that the concept of a global mobile network started gaining traction.
2. The global mobile network relies on a system of satellites, known as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), to provide accurate positioning and timing services to mobile devices across the world. The most well-known GNSS is the Global Positioning System (GPS), developed and operated by the United States.
3. The mobile network infrastructure is made up of thousands of interconnected base stations or cell towers that transmit and receive signals to and from mobile devices. These towers work in unison to provide seamless global network coverage, allowing users to access voice, messaging, and data services wherever they are.
4. In 1992, the first-ever text message was sent over the global mobile network. The message was sent by British engineer Neil Papworth to his colleague Richard Jarvis, and it simply said, “Merry Christmas”. This moment marked the beginning of the SMS revolution and forever changed how people communicate.
5. The global mobile network has led to the rise of mobile banking, particularly in developing countries where access to traditional banking services is limited. Through mobile banking, individuals can easily transfer funds, pay bills, and even access loans using their mobile devices, contributing to both financial inclusion and economic development worldwide.
Introduction To Global Mobile Network And Sustainable Development Goals
The advent of global mobile networks has profoundly revolutionized mobile communication, significantly contributing to worldwide adherence to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The alignment of the mobile industry with the SDGs testifies to its crucial role in driving sustainable socio-economic progress. These commitments are echoed in the belief system and actions of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The mobile industry’s endeavor to foster sustainable development is encapsulated in the widespread propagation of GSM, an ubiquitous standard for 2G digital cellular networks employed by mobile devices.
As a prime catalyst of global digital connectivity, the board members, work culture, and history of GSM play a paramount role in shaping the industry’s ethos. Each element reinforces the core values of the global mobile network, endorsing it as a trustworthy choice for digital communication. The guidance comes from a multi-talented pool of telecommunications experts whose continued leadership navigates the network in bridging people across physical borders.
The work environment at GSM encourages innovation, fosters constructive dialogue, and welcomes diversity, enabling the GSM to stay in sync with technological advancements. The history of the GSM, a dynamic chronology, denotes its continuous evolution and relentless pursuit for improvement.
“The alignment of the mobile industry with the SDGs testifies to its crucial role in driving sustainable socio-economic progress.”
- The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is an ubiquitous standard for 2G digital cellular networks employed by mobile devices.
- The board members, work culture, and history of GSM collectively shape the ethos of the global mobile network.
- The GSM work environment promotes innovation, encourages constructive dialogue, and embraces diverse perspectives.
- The history of the GSM represents its evolution and unwavering quest for progress.
Evolution Of Gsm: From 2G To 4G Networks
The genesis of GSM traces back to the establishment of 2G networks, which were developed as a substitute for the analog 1G networks. These second-generation digital networks introduced benefits such as encryption for data paths and voice calls, thereby offering a superior level of protection against interference and eavesdropping. Optimized for full ‘duplex’ voice telephony, GSM was initially structured as a digital, circuit-switched network.
Over time, GSM adapted to the evolving needs of users and incorporated data communications. This progression was made possible by the introduction of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). These advancements were transformative in the field of communication, merging data services with high-speed wireless data transfer.
The journey of GSM’s evolution did not stop there. The inception of third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation (4G) networks represented significant leaps in the development of global mobile communication. However, these are not components of the ETSI GSM standard, and were later developed to augment the functionality and speed offered by the 2G GSM network.
Development And Adoption Of Gsm As A Global Standard
The journey of GSM evolving into a global standard for mobile communications is a statement of meticulous planning, international collaborations, and an unflinching commitment to a cohesive vision. Spearheaded by the GSM committee, created by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) in 1983, the purpose was to establish a European standard for digital cellular voice telecommunications.
The first significant milestone in the path of GSM’s widespread acceptance arrived in 1987. Ambassadors from 13 European nations cemented a pact by signing a memorandum of understanding. This treaty aimed towards the creation and implementation of a uniform cellular telephone system throughout Europe, thus standardizing GSM. By marking GSM as a compulsory norm to be adhered to, the agreement solidified its role as the linchpin of the future cellular network infrastructure.
“The journey of GSM’s transformation into a global standard for mobile telecommunications underscores the power of international collaboration and meticulous planning.”
Key Points:
The GSM committee was established in 1983 by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT).
The first significant step towards GSM’s universal acceptance was in 1987 with an agreement signed by representatives from 13 European nations.
This agreement led to the standardized GSM, affirming its important role as a critical framework for the future cellular network infrastructure.
Gsm Association: History And Role In The Mobile Industry
Established in 1995, the GSM Association has monumentally shaped the mobile industry’s landscape. As the governing body and protectorate of the GSM standard, its role extends to ensuring the standard’s dissemination and development synchronize with technological advancements and evolving market needs.
The association comprises a broad range of telecommunications companies and organizations. It plays a pivotal role in laying the groundwork for future mobile networks, positioning itself as a key player in the telecommunications field. The journey of the GSM Association is defined by its continuous pursuit of unified digital communications, its success in constructing a global mobile network, and its persistent endeavor to stay at the forefront of technology and innovation.
The association’s efforts lie strongly in managing the technical aspects of GSM. It is also responsible for standardizing, promoting, and protecting it. These efforts serve as the lifelines that contribute to the persistence and dominance of the GSM standard on a global scale.
The GSM Association demonstrates its prowess in telecommunications through its determined efforts in managing, standardizing, promoting, and protecting the GSM standard globally.
- The GSM Association was established in 1995.
- The association governs and protects the GSM standard
- It plays a crucial role in shaping future mobile network standards.
- The association is known for its pursuit of unified digital communications.
- The dominant global presence of the GSM Association ensures the standard’s global prevalence.
Milestones In Gsm Subscriber Numbers
Leveraging its far-reaching acceptance and utilization, GSM has marked several considerable subscriber milestones since its origin. The cumulative count of global GSM subscribers swiftly surpassed the 100 million landmark within just three years following the formation of the GSM Association (that is, in 1998). This brisk escalation in subscribership serves as a testament to the extensive acceptance and necessity of GSM networks.
In 2000, GSM networks marked another meaningful achievement as they initiated commercial services based on the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), a pivotal move for mobile data communication. 2004 saw yet another highly significant event when the number of GSM subscribers globally passed the 1 billion threshold, thereby cementing GSM’s market dominance.
Phasing Out Of Gsm Networks: Examples From Around The World
Despite the notable growth and widespread of the GSM networks, several factors, including the emergence of more progressive networks, precipitated their phase-out in certain regions. Telstra, a leading telecom operator in Australia, spearheaded this move, becoming the first to decommission a GSM network on December 1, 2016.
Subsequent to this, AT&T Mobility, another prominent telecommunication company from the United States, followed suit by shutting down its GSM network on January 1, 2017. Equally, the full closure of the GSM network was executed by Optus in Australia come August 1, 2017. April 2017 saw a radical shift in Singapore, where 2G services were entirely ceased.
This gradual discontinuation underscores the relentless progression in the global telecom industry and the shift towards newer, sturdier technologies.
Different Cell Sizes And Frequency Bands In Gsm Networks
To comprehend the architecture of GSM networks, it’s crucial to delve into its unique cell structure and frequency bands. GSM networks consist of various cell sizes, serving to assure connectivity and coverage across diverse geographical terrains marked by differing densities and extents. This cell spectrum includes macro, micro, pico, femto, and umbrella cells.
The constricted cells, specifically femto and pico cells, are predominantly prominent in urban areas congested with populace, providing telecom coverage to smaller geographical divisions. Conversely, macro cells shoulder the responsibility of rendering area coverage in regions of lower density. Also noteworthy is the broad frequency spectrum in which GSM networks function, the carriers predominantly operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.
Voice Codecs And Audio Compression In Gsm
A critical component to the success story of GSM is its voice codecs. These codecs are responsible for compressing audio data in the GSM network, operating at various bit rates that range from 7 to 13 kbit/s.
Particularly, the early GSM networks deployed Half Rate and Full Rate codecs, functioning at 6.5 kbit/s and 13 kbit/s respectively.
Through technological progression, the enhanced full rate (EFR) codec, running at 12.2 kbit/s, was introduced. This new codec offered superior sound quality and marked an important milestone in GSM development.
Alongside the evolution of UMTS – also known as the 3G network, the ERF transitioned into a variable-rate codec dubbed AMR-Narrowband, delivering even higher sound quality on mobile networks.
- GSM Success: Voice codecs played a significant role in the success of GSM by compressing audio data efficiently.
- Half Rate and Full Rate Codecs: Used in early GSM networks operating at 6.5 kbit/s and 13 kbit/s, respectively.
- Enhanced Full Rate (EFR): Introduced later to offer improved sound quality.
- AMR-Narrowband: The next evolution of EFR with the advent of UMTS(3G network). Enhanced sound quality significantly in mobile networks.
“The evolution of voice codecs – Half Rate, Full Rate, Enhanced Full Rate, and AMR-Narrowband – underscores the dynamic technological advancements, each bringing superior sound quality and efficiency to the mobile networks.”
The Role Of Subscriber Identity Modules (Sim) In Gsm Networks
One of the noteworthy attributes of GSM networks is its adoption of Subscriber Identity Modules (SIM). Integral in enhancing the broad access of telecom services, SIM cards store a user’s subscription information as well as their phone book data. This streamlined data administration substantially simplifies management for service providers.
For the user, these cards facilitate effortless transferability of their data and connectivity between distinct devices. Consequently, the introduction of the SIM card is acknowledged as one of the pivotal advancements towards making cellular communication services more portable, convenient, and user-centric.
Etsi Standards And Governance Of Gsm Systems And Services
The governance of GSM systems and services is a vital aspect to ensure their continuous, effective, and uniform operation. This fundamental governance role is undertaken by ETSI or European Telecommunications Standards Institute. Established in 1988, ETSI oversees various communication standards, with GSM being a prominent one.
ETSI’s responsibilities encompass the standardization of GSM technologies, which involves their development, testing, deployment, and advancement. It manages broad aspects such as formulating the network layout, outlining operation protocols, defining interface specifications, and safeguarding compatibility amongst varied equipment and systems. Consequently, ETSI plays a crucial part in propelling GSM towards its aspiration of a universally connected world.
FAQ
Which is the largest mobile network in world?
China Mobile holds the title as the largest mobile network in the world when considering the number of subscribers, boasting an impressive 900 million subscribers as of 2021. This vast customer base has solidified China Mobile as a prominent player in the global telecommunications industry. However, when it comes to revenue, Vodafone Group takes the lead as the largest mobile network operator worldwide, with China Mobile and Verizon Communications following closely behind. These giants of the industry continue to dominate the mobile network landscape with their expansive operations and significant market share.
Which network is worldwide?
The World Wide Web (WWW) is the worldwide network that is accessible through the Internet. It enables users to access content and information from various websites and interconnected webpages. The WWW, along with the Internet, has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and engage with people and organizations throughout the world. With billions of users, the WWW has truly become a global network connecting individuals, businesses, and institutions worldwide.
What is the largest network in the world?
The largest network in the world is the Internet. With billions of interconnected computing devices, the Internet allows for the seamless exchange of data across the globe. From personal computers and smartphones to servers and data centers, this vast network enables communication, information sharing, and online services on an unprecedented scale. Whether connecting people, organizations, or machines, the Internet revolutionized the way we interact and access information, making it the largest and most influential network worldwide.
What is the largest mobile network operator in the world 2023?
As of 2023, the largest mobile network operator in the world is anticipated to be China Mobile, a Beijing-based telecommunications company. With a market capitalization of approximately 185 billion U.S. dollars, China Mobile has managed to surpass competitors like Comcast and T-Mobile US, which ranked second and third with market capitalizations of around 183 and 165 billion U.S. dollars respectively. With its strong foothold in the global telecommunications industry, China Mobile’s dominance is expected to continue in the coming years.